HTML Styles - CSS

Rk creations May 25, 2021 HTML Styles - CSS

 



HTML Styles - CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.

CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.

CSS = Styles and Colors

Manipulate Text
Colors,  Boxes


What exactly is CSS?

The architecture of a website is formatted using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

Color, font, text size, spacing between elements, how elements are arranged and set out, what background images or background colors are to be used, different screens with different platforms and screen sizes, and much more can all be controlled with CSS.

Tip: The term "cascading" refers to the fact that a style applied to a parent element would be applied to all children elements within that parent. So, if the body text is set to "grey," all headings, articles, and other text features inside the body would be the same colour (unless you decide otherwise)!


Using CSS

CSS can be added to HTML documents in 3 ways:

  • Inline - by using the style attribute inside HTML elements
  • Internal - by using a <style> element in the <head> section
  • External - by using a <link> element to link to an external CSS file

The most popular method of incorporating CSS is to hold the styles in separate CSS directories. In this tutorial, though, we'll use inline and internal forms because they're easier to illustrate and practise on your own.

Inline CSS

An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.

An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.

The following example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue, and the text color of the <p> element to red:

Example

<h1 style="color:blue;">A Blue Heading</h1>

<p style="color:red;">A red paragraph.</p>


Internal CSS

A single HTML page's style is described using internal CSS.


An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element.

The following example sets the text color of ALL the <h1> elements (on that page) to blue, and the text color of ALL the <p> elements to red. In addition, the page will be displayed with a "powderblue" background color: 

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1   {color: blue;}
p    {color: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

External CSS

For certain HTML pages, an external style sheet is used to describe the style.
Attach a path to an external style sheet in the <head> portion of each HTML page to use it:


Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

The external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file must not contain any HTML code, and must be saved with a .css extension.

Here is what the "styles.css" file looks like:

"styles.css":

body {
  background-color: powderblue;
}
h1 {
  color: blue;
}
p {
  color: red;
}

Tip: You can change the look of an entire website with an external style sheet by modifying only one file! 


CSS Colors, Fonts and Sizes

We'll show you how to use some of the most basic CSS properties here. Later on, you'll read more about them.
The text colour is determined by the CSS colour property.

The font-family CSS property specifies the font that will be used.

The font-size property in CSS determines the text size that will be used.

Example

Use of CSS color, font-family and font-size properties:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
  color: blue;
  font-family: verdana;
  font-size: 300%;
}
p {
  color: red;
  font-family: courier;
  font-size: 160%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

CSS Border

A border around an HTML element is defined by the CSS border property.

Tip: You can define a border for nearly all HTML elements.

Example

Use of CSS border property: 

p {
  border: 2px solid powderblue;
}


CSS Padding

The CSS padding property defines a padding (space) between the text and the border.

Example

Use of CSS border and padding properties:

p {
  border: 2px solid powderblue;
  padding: 30px;
}

CSS Margin

The margin (space) outside the boundary is defined by the CSS margin property.

Example

Use of CSS border and margin properties:

p {
  border: 2px solid powderblue;
  margin: 50px;
}


Link to External CSS

External style sheets can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the current web page.

Example

This example uses a full URL to link to a style sheet:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.learnhtmlrk.blogspot.com/html/styles.css">


Example

This example links to a style sheet located in the html folder on the current web site: 

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/html/styles.css">

Example

This example links to a style sheet located in the same folder as the current page:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">


Chapter Summary

  • Use the HTML style attribute for inline styling
  • Use the HTML <style> element to define internal CSS
  • Use the HTML <link> element to refer to an external CSS file
  • Use the HTML <head> element to store <style> and <link> elements
  • Use the CSS color property for text colors
  • Use the CSS font-family property for text fonts
  • Use the CSS font-size property for text sizes
  • Use the CSS border property for borders
  • Use the CSS padding property for space inside the border
  • Use the CSS margin property for space outside the border


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